This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between job characteristics and PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT and also to predict PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT by job characteristics among Agriculture Bank employees with a sample of 328 personnel. Hackman and Oldham's and Spreitzer's questionnaires were used. Cronbach's alphas indicated acceptable reliabilities; 0/89 for Hackman and Oldham's scale and 0/90 for Spreitzer's one. Analysis of the data involved Pearson's correlation. coefficients and multiple regression. The results of this study demonstrated that job characteristics were related to PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT Job characteristics could predict PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT. Among the subscales of job characteristics, meaningfulness had the most portion (0/69 of 0/71) to predict PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-PSYCHOLOGICAL Approach.

Introduction & Objective: Stress and perceived threats in the workplace are global phenomena in nursing. PSYCHOLOGICAL empowering can act as a buffer against stress and improve the quality of the provided care. This study was designed to explain theoretically the PSYCHOLOGICAL empowering of Iranian clinical nurses.Materials & Methods: In this qualitative study fourteen nurses and four head-nurses from hospitals connected with Orumieh University of medical sciences were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected by deep interview with semi-structural questions. Finally data was analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis.Results: Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three main themes of self-assistance, management behaviors, self-efficacy and eight related sub themes. Nurses empowered themselves PSYCHOLOGICALly by integrating the three mentioned themes.Conclusion: PSYCHOLOGICAL empowering is a dynamic and multi-dimensional concept with a complex nature which is influenced by personal and managing measures. With adopting empowering and supportive behavior and with creating opportunity for growth and professional development of nurses, managers can ensure their staff’s PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT which can lead to the improvement of the quality of their provided care. Nursing instructors and teachers by instructing self-empowering methods can train efficient workforces who are resistant against workplace stress.